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Psoriasis is a widespread chronic skin condition. It originates from an accelerated life cycle of skin cells, which multiply at a speed about ten times higher than normal, thus accumulating on the surface of the epidermis.
Because of this, the excess cells form scales and itchy or painful red patches, which can potentially occur in any area of the body. However, the most affected areas are scalp, elbows, knees and lower back.
The causes of psoriasis are not yet completely understood, however a genetic predisposition, involving an alteration of the immune system, has been identified. In fact, what happens is that the T lymphocytes, normally guardian cells of our immune system, recognize the healthy cells of the skin as a foreign body and attack them, as if to cure an infection.
All this causes lesions, redness, but also the alteration of the cell cycle, which ultimately causes the symptoms of psoriasis.
If the causes are not yet clear, it is possible, however, to identify triggering factors for psoriasis, which normally occurs at alternate periods.
Factors that can trigger psoriasis include:
- Infections, such as sore throat or skin infections.
- Skin injuries, such as a cut or a scratch, an insect bite or a severe sunburn.
- Stress.
- Smoking.
- High alcohol consumption.
- Vitamin D deficiency.
- Certain medications – such as beta-blockers for blood pressure control or antimalarial drugs.
Unfortunately, there is no definitive cure for psoriasis, but the treatment significantly reduces symptoms, even in severe cases.
Symptoms containment is particularly important. In fact, recent studies have suggested that, with higher control over inflammation, the risk of heart disease, stroke, metabolic syndrome and other diseases associated with inflammation decreases.
Possible topical treatments include daily application of creams and lotions that contain corticosteroids or keratolytic agents, preferably in combination with moisturizing and emollient products, which have a complementary action and relieve pain and discomfort, as well as improving skin appearance.
Topical treatments often work as a support to systemic drug therapy, which may include the use of medications administered under medical prescription such as Retinoids, Methotrexate, Ciclosporine, Mofetil Mycophenolate and Tacrolimus.
Lotions containing corticosteroids are also applied following a doctor’s recommendation, for limited periods of time and during high exacerbation periods. They are effective in reducing inflammation, resulting in decreased redness, blemishes and pain.
Products based on keratolytic agents can be used for longer periods of time and also in cases of moderate psoriasis. Their function is to limit the formation of the desquamated plaques given by excess cells, thanks to their exfoliating action.
An example of a keratolytic agent is Urea, which used at high concentrations, for example 50%, can also be applied in cases of eczema, xerosis and to remove calluses.
Urea, a naturally present on the skin, has a dual exfoliating and humectant function. Able to dissolve the skin’s hydrolipidic film, it is able to penetrate and act in the deeper layers of the skin.
No matter what the selected treatment is, corticosteroids or keratolytics, it is always important to remember to use in combination a moisturizing and emollient cream, to support the natural hydration of dry, thickened and damaged areas and help the skin regain its natural softness.
If you think you have psoriasis and want more information, please contact your doctor.
Remember; do not give up on the symptoms of psoriasis.
